Facts, Fictions and Forecasts
"What intrigues us as a problem, and what will satisfy us as a solution, will depend upon the line we draw between what is already clear and what needs to be clarified," Nelson Goodman.
State Space Models
Sunday, March 30, 2025
Boiler Plate
Monday, March 17, 2025
World-System (1960-2006) Seven Futures for Argentina
Notes
The Error Correcting Controllers (ECC) are (Growth-EF), (LU+EF+KOF-Q), (EF+CO2-KOF-LU). It is interesting and somewhat unusual that, in Argentina, growth is controlled by the Ecological Footprint (EF) and the EF is important in the other two ECCs.
State Space Model Estimation
Atlanta Fed Economy Now
Climate Change
Sunday, March 2, 2025
World-System (1980-2060) Seven Futures for Ukraine
The presidents of Ukraine (Volodymyr Zelenskyy) and the United States (Donald Trump) recently met (Mar 2, 2025) at the White House to discuss the future of Ukraine and a mineral extraction deal. The meeting was not a success. On March 11, 2025, after a telephone call between President Trump and Vladimir Putin, Ukraine tentatively agreed to 30-day cease fire. It is still not clear whether Russia will abide by the cease fire.
In my mind, these developments bring up the question about what Geopolitical alignment would be best for Ukraine (UA): Russia (RU), the World System (W), the European Union (EU), the United States (US) or none (BAU or RW). The graphic above shows the time plot for the growth component of the UAL20 model under each alternative Geopolitical Alignment. Maybe surprisingly, the US Geopolitical Alignment would be one of the worst! In this post I'll explain the alternative forecasts in detail.
- RW [-8.136 < AIC= 3.753 < 14.38] The Random Walk (RW) model (Just one damned thing after another) provides a comparison to other Geopolitical alignment models (below) using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Ukraine has been buffeted by many shocks to include the 2014 Annexation of Crimea by Russia and the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine. From the time plot above, the future forecast for the RW model is not much worse than the BAU model (no Geopolitical alignment) or alignment with Russia (RU). In the short-run (year-to-year) the RW model is the best descriptor of Ukrainian growth (see the NOTES below).
- BAU [103.6 < AIC= 108.73 < 112.3] The Business As Usual (BAU) provides the best future forecast and the AIC is right in the middle of the pack. However, at this moment in history, it seems that Ukraine will not be isolated from Geopolitical entanglements.
- WORLD [96.17 < AIC = 106.4 < 115.6] Alignment with the World-System would produce a collapse mode, but not the worst.
- US [99.01 < AIC = 106.6 < 113.2] Alignment with the US produces one of the worst collapse scenarios.
- EE [22.18 < AIC = 76.07 < 120.7] Alignment with Eastern Europe also produces a collapse scenario but with recovery around 2050.
- EU [90.97 < AIC = 206.8 < 120.0] Alignment with the European Union, a topic of hot debate for Ukraine, would also produce a mild collapse scenario.
- RU [65.15 < AIC = 113.4 < 140.6] Finally, Geopolitical Alignment with Russia, which seems to be the aim of the 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine, would produce a cyclical growth scenario.
None of these growth scenarios look great and some are awful for Ukraine. Geopolitical alignment with Russia would currently mean a massive military loss for Ukraine. If, however, Russia were to eventually follow it's best future (alignment with the European Union), the picture would be very different.
NOTES
The systemic growth state variable (UK1) is interesting in that CO2 (-0.44492), GDP (-0.0949) and Labor Force (-0.431) enter negatively.These negative weightings mean that, in Ukraine, growth is under Error Correction and Control: (Growth-CO2-L). I will have more to say about the result in the discussion of the Ukrainian economy (here).
Tuesday, February 25, 2025
World-System (1960-2100) Six Futures for the World System
In their analysis, the IMF was primarily focused on the rate of change in GDP. From a Systems Perspective, we can look at the rate of change in overall system growth from (1960-2010, above). The average rate of change was -11.52884% but the mean is heavily weighted by the period around the 1980's when the World System was in crisis (the early 1980's recession). Although growth rates are decreasing in the World System, it is difficult from the graph above to decide whether or not the system is stagnating or reaching a steady state. For that answer we need to estimate system models.
I've estimate six systems models. The difference between the models involves only the input variables which are chosen based on different Geopolitical Alignments for the World System (see below in the Notes).
Notes
- BAU The Business As Usual (BAU) model assumes no input variables and thus no preferred hegemonic geopolitical alignment for the World System
- RW The Random Walk (RW) model assumes that the World System responds randomly to shocks from the member states. Today is like tomorrow except for random shocks (just one damned thing after another).
- W The World System model (W) assumes that the W1 state variable is driven entirely by other state variables in the system, W2 and W3 respectively (in some analyses, more state variables could be added).
- US The United States (US) model assumes that the US is the hegemonic leader of the world system.
- RU The Russia (RU) model assumes that Russia is the hegemonic leader of the World System.
- CH The China (CH) model assumes that China is the hegemonic leader of the World System.
Monday, February 24, 2025
World-System (1960-2100) Six Futures for Germany
- Random Walk (RW)
- Nation State (NS)
- European Union (EU)
- Business as Usual (BAU)
- World System (W)
- United States (US)
- Russia (RU)
NOTES
Thursday, February 6, 2025
World-System (1980-2100) Eight Futures for Canada
The Trump II administration has threatened a Trade War with Canada and the imposition of tariffs has been delayed while negotiations proceed (here). Canada, Mexico, China and the EU are the US's largest trading partners. I have presented the MXL20 (Mexico Late 20th Century) model here with eight future growth forecasts. In this post, I will do the same for Canada.
NOTES
You can convert the model into a Techno-Optimist model by setting F[1,1] = 1.0 in the System Matrix, but that would be an improbable value although it is close to the Upper Confidence Interval (UCI) of 0.990595.
Wednesday, February 5, 2025
World-System (2015-2030) US Egg-Price Controversey